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| Standard Verse (Corrupt) | Content | Why Vishuddha Rejects It | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | "A Shudra's testimony is never valid." | Absent in 40% of manuscripts; contradicts other verses allowing witness from all castes. | | 9.17 | "A woman must never be independent." | Marked as spurious by Kane; appears only in later North Indian mss. | | 2.14 | "Regions of hell for those who don't mark distinctions." | Conflicts with Vedic universalism; likely added by sectarian Brahmins. | | 8.410 | "Brahmins are lords of everything." | Found only in 3 of 35 manuscripts. | | 5.147 | "For a woman, fasting without husband's permission is sinful." | The purified text allows women spiritual autonomy. | vishuddha manusmriti pdf english
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